Design and Simulation of Integral Controller Based LFC

The main objectives of Load Frequency Control (LFC) are to hold the frequency constant ( Δf = 0) against any load change, each area must contribute to absorb any load change such that frequency does not deviate, each area must maintain the tie-line power flow to its pre-specified value. In LFC there are two major loops. Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC) Loops. AVR Loop controls the magnitude of the terminal voltage V. The ALFC Loop regulates the megawatt output and frequency (speed) of Generator via the speed governor and the control valves that the steam flow is regulated to match the megawatt output. There are many controllers used in LFC such as Integral Controller based LFC, Fuzzy Controller based LFC, ANN based LFC, Genetic Algorithm based LFC and Power System Optimization (PSO) based LFC. In this paper the integral controller based LFC is used to hold the frequency constant. Here the SIMULINK Model of single area and two area power systems are simulated using SIMULINK.